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Solution for low-temperature protection battery not charging

low-temperature-protection-battery

Introduction

Battery performance in cold environments is a critical issue that affects not only the efficiency but also the operational viability of many modern technologies. In regions where temperatures regularly fall below freezing, conventional batteries can struggle, significantly impacting the functionality of everything from electric vehicles to remote sensors and renewable energy storage systems. The key challenge lies in the battery’s chemical composition and the physics of its operation: cold temperatures slow the kinetic energy of the molecules within the battery, reducing the rate at which chemical reactions occur, which is essential for charging and discharging. Moreover, the Battery Management System (BMS), designed to protect the battery’s integrity, often compounds these issues by preventing charging to avoid damage when it detects temperatures that are too low.

This article aims to demystify the problems associated with charging low-temperature protection batteries and to explore practical solutions that can mitigate these effects. By understanding the underlying causes and implementing strategic interventions, users can enhance battery performance even in harsh winter conditions, ensuring reliability and extending the lifespan of their battery-powered devices.

12v-200ah-Low-temperature-protection

Common Reasons Why Low-Temperature Protection Batteries Fail to Charge

  1. Impeded Internal Chemical Reactions: At lower temperatures, the electrolyte within the battery thickens, slowing the mobility of lithium ions that travel between the cathode and anode during charging and discharging processes. This decreased ionic mobility drastically reduces the battery’s ability to accept and hold a charge. Additionally, the lower temperatures can cause an increase in the internal resistance of the battery, further reducing its efficiency and increasing the time required to charge fully.
  2. Limitations of Battery Management Systems (BMS): The BMS is essentially the brain of the battery, designed to ensure safe operation by monitoring and controlling battery parameters such as voltage, current, and temperature. In cold conditions, many BMS are programmed to prevent charging when the battery temperature falls below a specific limit, typically around 0°C. This protective measure is intended to prevent damage from charging a battery when the electrolyte is too sluggish to facilitate proper ion transfer, which could lead to incomplete charging cycles and, over time, battery degradation.
  3. External Factors: The performance of the charging equipment itself can also be a limiting factor in cold environments. Chargers and cables not designed for cold weather may become less efficient or fail to operate altogether. For instance, the materials used in some chargers and cables can become brittle and lose conductivity at low temperatures, further complicating the charging process. Additionally, the ambient cold can exacerbate the issue by cooling the battery even further during charging, especially if the charging setup lacks proper insulation.

Understanding these common causes provides a foundation for exploring effective solutions to enhance battery charging under cold conditions, ensuring that devices remain functional and reliable, no matter the external temperature.

Technical Solutions and Strategies

To counteract the challenges posed by low temperatures, several technical solutions and strategies can be implemented to improve battery charging efficiency and reliability:

  1. Heating Technologies: One of the most direct methods to address low-temperature charging issues is the integration of heating systems within the battery setup. These can include external heating pads or internal heating elements that activate before and during the charging process. By slightly warming the batteries, these heaters bring the internal battery temperature to a minimal acceptable level for efficient charging. This not only improves the charging rate but also helps maintain the battery’s capacity and health over time.
  2. Adjusting BMS Settings: Modifying the Battery Management System (BMS) parameters to better suit cold environments can make a significant difference. This might involve recalibrating the BMS to allow charging at lower temperatures or to control the rate of charging based on the temperature of the battery. Advanced BMS can also dynamically adjust charging characteristics in response to real-time temperature readings, optimizing charging rates and improving battery longevity.
  3. Using Appropriate Charging Equipment: Selecting chargers and cables that are specifically designed to perform in cold conditions is crucial. These devices are built with materials that retain flexibility and conductivity even at low temperatures. Additionally, they may include enhanced insulation to protect against the cold, ensuring that the maximum amount of energy is efficiently transferred to the battery without thermal losses.

Implementing these solutions requires a careful assessment of the existing battery infrastructure and may involve initial setup costs. However, the long-term benefits of maintaining operational efficiency and battery health in cold climates far outweigh these initial investments. These strategies not only enhance the functionality of batteries in cold environments but also extend their usable life, making them more cost-effective over time.

Case Studies

To illustrate the effectiveness of the solutions and strategies discussed, let’s examine a few real-world applications where these methods have been successfully implemented to solve low-temperature charging problems:

Case Study 1: Remote Weather Station in Alaska

  • Problem: A remote weather station in Alaska faced significant challenges with battery performance during the winter months, with temperatures often dropping below -30°C. The station relied on these batteries for critical weather monitoring and data transmission.
  • Solution: The station implemented external battery heaters connected to a solar-powered system, ensuring the batteries remained within an operational temperature range. Additionally, the BMS settings were adjusted to allow for slower charging rates during extremely cold periods.
  • Outcome: The modifications led to a noticeable improvement in battery reliability and a reduction in power failures during critical weather events, enhancing the station’s operational continuity throughout the winter.

Case Study 2: Electric Vehicle Fleet in Norway

  • Problem: An electric vehicle (EV) fleet operator in Norway reported reduced range and slower charging speeds during the winter season, affecting the fleet’s efficiency and reliability.
  • Solution: The EV company integrated internal battery heating systems that pre-warmed the batteries before charging commenced. They also upgraded their charging stations with cables and connectors designed for low temperatures.
  • Outcome: These changes resulted in faster charging times and more consistent battery performance, significantly reducing downtime and increasing the daily operational range of the vehicles.

Case Study 3: Solar-Powered Sensor Network in the Himalayas

  • Problem: A network of solar-powered sensors placed in the Himalayas to monitor glacial movements struggled with battery charging issues due to the frigid temperatures, which often caused system failures.
  • Solution: Each sensor unit was equipped with a small, insulated battery compartment featuring a low-energy internal heater. The BMS was specially programmed to manage power use efficiently, prioritizing battery heating and charging based on solar input.
  • Outcome: The enhanced system provided a stable power supply throughout the year, increasing data reliability and sensor uptime, crucial for long-term climate studies.

These case studies demonstrate the tangible benefits of implementing targeted solutions to address low-temperature battery charging challenges. By adopting similar strategies, organizations can ensure their battery-dependent technologies remain functional and efficient, regardless of the environmental conditions.

User Guide and Best Practices

For individuals and organizations managing battery systems in cold environments, following these best practices can significantly improve battery performance and longevity:

  1. Preconditioning Batteries:
  • Purpose: Preconditioning involves bringing the battery up to an optimal temperature before beginning the charging process. This practice can be especially effective in maintaining battery health and efficiency.
  • Method: Use built-in heating systems or external warming devices to gently heat the battery. If the system allows, automate this process so that it occurs just before the expected charging time.
  1. Regular Maintenance and Inspections:
  • Routine Checks: Regularly inspect battery installations for signs of wear, insulation failures, or damage to heating elements and connections. Cold weather can exacerbate existing issues or introduce new vulnerabilities.
  • Scheduled Maintenance: Establish a maintenance schedule that considers the environmental stressors typical of your operation’s location. This may include more frequent checks during the winter months.
  1. Optimizing Charging Times and Conditions:
  • Charging Windows: Where possible, plan to charge batteries during the warmest part of the day or when they have been active and naturally warmed through use.
  • Charging Rate Adjustments: Lower the charge rate to accommodate slower chemical reactions at lower temperatures, which can help preserve battery capacity and reduce strain.
  1. Using Suitable Insulation:
  • Insulation Materials: Protect battery systems with insulation that can withstand the specific conditions of your environment. Materials should be durable, moisture-resistant, and capable of minimizing thermal loss.
  • Design Considerations: Ensure that battery enclosures and installations are designed to minimize exposure to cold winds and moisture, which can freeze components and reduce efficiency.
  1. Battery Storage:
  • Short-Term Storage: If batteries are not in use, store them in a controlled environment where temperature fluctuations are minimized. Avoid allowing the battery to sit at low charge levels for extended periods in cold conditions.
  • Long-Term Storage: For batteries stored over longer periods, maintain a charge level recommended by the manufacturer and consider periodic recharging to keep the battery healthy.

By implementing these practices, users can effectively manage the challenges posed by cold environments, ensuring that their battery systems remain operational and efficient throughout their service life. These strategies not only safeguard the equipment but also optimize energy usage and operational costs.

lifepo4 battery application

About Himax Electronics

Himax Electronics is a leading innovator in the battery technology sector, specializing in the development and manufacture of high-performance LiFePO4 batteries(LIFEPO4 BATTERY) suited for a wide array of applications, including those requiring robust low-temperature operation. Our commitment to excellence and innovation is evident in every product we design and every solution we provide to our customers.

Product Range and Custom Solutions:

  • We offer a comprehensive range of battery products, from standard models to custom-designed units that meet specific operational requirements, including those needed for extreme environmental conditions. Our low-temperature batteries are engineered with advanced materials and technologies that provide reliable performance even under the harshest conditions.

Quality and Reliability:

  • At Himax Electronics, quality assurance is paramount. Our batteries undergo rigorous testing processes to meet high standards of durability and performance. We adhere to international safety and quality standards, ensuring our products deliver longevity and reliability for critical applications across all industries.

Customer-Centric Support and Innovation:

  • We pride ourselves on our customer-centric approach, providing tailored solutions that fit the unique needs of each client. Whether you’re facing challenges in cold climates or need a battery that can withstand unusual environmental stressors, our team is ready to assist with expert advice, technical support, and post-sale service.
  • Our commitment to innovation extends beyond our products. We are continually researching and developing new technologies to enhance battery efficiency, extend lifespans, and reduce environmental impact, ensuring our customers receive the most advanced battery solutions available.

Sustainability and Environmental Responsibility:

  • Environmental stewardship is integral to our business philosophy. We strive to minimize our ecological footprint by implementing sustainable practices in our manufacturing processes and by designing products that are both energy-efficient and recyclable.

Himax Electronics is more than just a battery supplier; we are a partner in your energy journey. We invite you to explore our diverse product offerings and discover how our cutting-edge battery solutions can empower your applications. For more detailed information about our products and services or to discuss a custom battery solution, please visit our website or contact our dedicated customer service team. We are here to power your success with reliable, innovative, and responsible energy solutions.

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Low temperature LiFePO4 battery VS normal LiFePO4 battery

Low-temperature-LiFePO4-battery-VS-normal-LiFePO4-battery

LiFePO4 batteries make them highly suitable for a wide array of applications, positioning them as a reliable and sustainable choice in the global shift towards greener energy solutions.

Features of Low-Temperature LiFePO4 Batteries

Low temperature LiFePO4 batteries are engineered to perform optimally in conditions where most other batteries falter—extreme cold. Designed with unique electrolyte formulations and enhanced internal architecture, these batteries can operate effectively at temperatures as low as -40°C. This capability is critical for applications in geographically cold regions or in specialized sectors such as aerospace, where equipment must function reliably in harsh conditions without frequent maintenance.

Himax’s low-temperature LiFePO4 batteries are equipped with built-in heating systems. These systems are powered by a small portion of the battery’s own energy to warm up the battery to an optimal operational temperature before starting the discharge process. This feature ensures that the battery can deliver adequate power upon demand and extends its usable life by preventing the stresses associated with operating in cold conditions.

In order to protect your low-temperature LiFePO4 battery in cold weather, its temperature needs to be kept above 1.6°C.   Start our heated battery system and you can rest assured that the internal temperature of the battery will never drop below freezing. Our deep-cycle LiFePO4 heating batteries feature proprietary low-power technology that keeps the battery at optimal temperature and ready to be recharged.

12v-300ah-low-temperature-battery

Performance of Normal LiFePO4 Batteries

Normal LiFePO4 batteries are designed to operate within a more standard temperature range, typically from about 0°C to 50°C. Within this spectrum, they exhibit optimal performance, making them suitable for most residential, commercial, and industrial applications under typical environmental conditions.

These batteries are known for their robustness, consistent power output and high efficiency across their charge and discharge cycles. Under normal operating temperatures, LiFePO4 batteries boast a stable voltage output, which is crucial for devices that require a consistent energy supply to function properly. This stable discharge curve ensures that devices do not experience power dips and can operate at peak efficiency until the battery is nearly depleted.

However, when temperatures drop below freezing, the performance of standard LiFePO4 batteries can start to wane. The chemical reactions responsible for generating electricity slow down significantly, resulting in reduced ionic conductivity. This slowdown can lead to decreased energy efficiency, slower charging rates, and reduced overall power output. Such conditions are not ideal for applications that require high reliability in cold weather, such as outdoor security systems in northern climates or any technology deployed in unheated areas during winter.

Furthermore, while normal LiFePO4 batteries perform adequately in mild to warm conditions, extreme heat can also challenge their capabilities. High temperatures can accelerate chemical degradation within the battery, potentially shortening its overall lifespan and affecting performance characteristics like energy density and charge retention.

Despite these temperature sensitivities, normal LiFePO4 batteries remain a popular choice due to their overall value proposition—balancing cost, performance, and longevity effectively for most applications not subject to extreme conditions.

Performance Comparison between Low Temperature and Normal Batteries

When evaluating low-temperature LiFePO4 batteries against their normal counterparts, the primary distinction lies in their operational efficiency under different thermal conditions. This comparison is crucial for users whose applications demand reliable battery performance in environments that regularly experience extreme temperatures.

  1. Efficiency at Low Temperatures:
  • Low-Temperature Batteries: These are specifically engineered to maintain high levels of efficiency in cold environments. With specialized electrolyte formulations and internal heating systems, low-temperature LiFePO4 batteries can operate effectively at temperatures as low as -40°C. They manage to keep their internal resistance low, which ensures that energy delivery remains stable even in the cold.
  • Normal Batteries: In contrast, normal LiFePO4 batteries experience a drop in performance as the temperature falls below 0°C. The internal resistance increases, leading to slower charge times and reduced power output, which can be problematic for devices that depend on a consistent energy supply.
  1. Energy Density and Output Consistency:
  • Low Temperature Batteries:Despite the extreme cold, these batteries can deliver close to their optimal energy density, making them suitable for critical applications in remote or harsh environments.
  • Normal Batteries: At standard operational temperatures, these batteries provide excellent energy density and output consistency. However, in colder settings, their energy density decreases, impacting the overall device performance.
  1. Longevity and Durability:
  • Low-Temperature Batteries: These batteries are not only built to perform under cold conditions but also designed to withstand the thermal stress associated with such environments, potentially extending their operational lifespan.
  • Normal Batteries: While robust under normal conditions, their lifespan can be compromised in extreme cold or heat, as these conditions accelerate degradation processes.
  1. Cost-Effectiveness:
  • Low-Temperature Batteries: Typically more expensive due to their specialized design and additional features like built-in heaters, these batteries are cost-effective for applications where failure due to temperature is not an option.
  • Normal Batteries:More affordable and sufficient for most common applications, making them a cost-effective choice for everyday uses that do not encounter severe temperatures.

In summary, the choice between low temperature and normal LiFePO4 batteries should be guided by the specific environmental conditions and performance requirements of the intended application. Low temperature batteries offer critical advantages in cold climates, ensuring reliability where normal batteries might falter.

Application Scenario Analysis

The selection between low-temperature and normal LiFePO4 batteries should be influenced by the specific operational demands and environments they will encounter. Here’s a detailed look at the practical applications of each type:

  1. Low Temperature LiFePO4 Batteries:
  • Extreme Climate Expeditions: Ideal for use in polar expeditions or high-altitude treks where temperatures can plummet drastically. The ability of these batteries to operate effectively in such conditions ensures that critical equipment such as GPS devices, communication gear, and medical supplies remains operational.
  • Cold Storage Facilities: In industries where goods need to be stored at low temperatures, such as in food processing or pharmaceuticals, low-temperature batteries ensure that monitoring and logistic equipment function reliably, maintaining the integrity of the cold chain.
  • Outdoor Equipment in Cold Regions: For infrastructure located in cold regions, including renewable energy setups like solar panels or wind turbines, these batteries provide the necessary resilience to maintain power supply despite frigid temperatures.
  1. Normal LiFePO4 Batteries:
  • Residential Energy Storage:Perfect for home energy storage systems, particularly those integrated with solar panels, as they offer stability and long life under typical environmental conditions.
  • Electric Vehicles and Personal Electronics: These batteries are suitable for areas with mild climates where extreme temperature fluctuations are rare. They provide the optimal balance of performance, cost, and longevity for daily use in consumer electronics and electric vehicles.
  • Backup Power Systems: In commercial and industrial settings not exposed to extreme temperatures, normal LiFePO4 batteries serve as reliable backup power sources due to their excellent safety profile and long cycle life.

Choosing the Right Battery:

  • Assessing Environmental Conditions: Users must consider the usual and extreme temperature conditions of their operating environment. Where temperatures regularly drop below freezing, low-temperature batteries are essential.
  • Considering Operational Demands:For applications where battery failure can result in significant operational or safety risks, investing in low temperature technology may be prudent, despite the higher initial cost.
  • Evaluating Long-Term Costs: While normal LiFePO4 batteries are more cost-effective upfront, the potential costs associated with battery failure in unsuitable conditions should not be overlooked. The longevity and reliability of low-temperature batteries may offer better value over time in harsh climates.

In each scenario, the key to optimal battery selection lies in understanding the specific energy demands and environmental challenges of the application. This strategic approach ensures that the chosen battery not only meets current needs but also offers durability and reliability throughout its lifespan.

low-temperature-lifepo4-battery

About Himax Electronics

Himax Electronics stands at the forefront of battery technology innovation, specializing in the development and manufacturing of LiFePO4 batteries tailored for a wide range of applications. As a leader in the industry, we are dedicated to advancing battery solutions that meet the rigorous demands of both commercial and industrial environments.

Innovative Product Line:

  • At Himax Electronics, our product range is extensive, featuring everything from standard LiFePO4 batteries to specialized low-temperature models designed for extreme conditions. Each product is engineered with precision, incorporating cutting-edge technology to ensure top performance and reliability.

Commitment to Quality and Safety:

  • Quality assurance is paramount at Himax Electronics. We adhere to strict international standards to ensure each battery not only meets but exceeds industry safety and performance benchmarks. Our rigorous testing procedures guarantee that our batteries deliver longevity and consistency in all operational contexts.

Custom Solutions and Technical Support:

  • Understanding that each client has unique needs, we offer customized battery solutions tailored to specific applications. Our expert team provides comprehensive technical support, assisting with everything from system design to post-installation troubleshooting, ensuring optimal performance and satisfaction.

Environmental Responsibility:

  • Committed to sustainability, Himax Electronics focuses on eco-friendly practices throughout our production processes. Our batteries are designed to be both energy-efficient and recyclable, minimizing environmental impact while maximizing performance.

Engagement and Accessibility:

  • We believe in keeping our clients informed and supported. Himax Electronics maintains an open line of communication through our customer service, detailed documentation, and accessible technical resources. Whether you are integrating a new energy system or upgrading an existing one, our professionals are here to provide expert guidance and support.

Himax Electronics is not just a provider but a partner in your energy journey. We invite you to explore our range of products and discover how our batteries can enhance your applications. For more information, visit our website or contact our customer service team. Let us help you achieve success with the best battery technology.

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LiFePO4 battery 12V 400Ah bulk and absorption charge parameter settings

Introduction

Lithium Iron Phosphate (LiFePO4) batteries have gained popularity for their high energy density and long cycle life. To ensure the safety and optimal performance of 12V 400Ah LiFePO4 batteries, it is crucial to follow proper charging methods and guidelines. By adhering to recommended practices, users can prevent common issues such as undercharging or overcharging, both of which can significantly impact battery life and functionality.

Basic Principles of LiFePO4 Battery Charging

The lithium iron phosphate battery pack charging mode adopts CC/CV.

LiFePO4 battery chargers can behave in several different ways during the charging process. First, the charger can steadily increase its voltage to keep the current constant. This is the first stage of the charging process – often referred to as the “bulk” charging phase. During this phase, the charger adjusts its applied voltage to provide maximum current to the battery.

For example, a 12V 400Ah LiFePO4 battery using an 80 amp charger will deliver a maximum current of 80 amps during this batch charging stage and the applied voltage will increase to the maximum voltage or “batch voltage”.

The maximum charging voltage for a 12V LiFePO4 battery is 14.6 V.  When the LiFePO4 battery 12V 400Ah reaches 14.6 V, the battery is fully charged.

 

Once the maximum voltage is reached, the charger enters a second phase called the “Absorption”charging phase. During the absorption period, the charger applies a constant voltage, called the “absorption voltage”.   When the open circuit voltage of the battery approaches the absorption voltage, the current will gradually decrease to zero.

 

At this point, the battery is fully charged. LiFePO4 batteries do not require float charging because they do not lose a significant amount of charge when disconnected from the charger and have a low self-discharge in the absence of a load.

Recommended Charging Parameters for 12V 400Ah LiFePO4 Battery

Properly setting the charging parameters for a 12V 400Ah LiFePO4 battery is crucial to optimize battery life and performance. Here’s a detailed breakdown of the settings for both the bulk and absorption charging phases:

Bulk Charging Phase:

  • Purpose: The bulk phase is intended to quickly bring the battery up to approximately 70-80% of its full charge capacity. This is achieved by delivering a consistent, high current to the battery.
  • Voltage Setting: The target voltage for bulk charging should typically be set at 14.6V. This voltage is optimal for LiFePO4 batteries as it maximizes charging efficiency without straining the battery’s internal chemistry.
  • Current Setting: It is recommended to set the charging current at no more than 0.2C during the bulk phase. For a 400Ah battery, this translates to 80A. This rate ensures that the battery is charged quickly but safely, preventing excessive heat buildup which can degrade battery life.

Absorption Charging Phase:

  • Purpose: The absorption phase completes the charging process by slowly topping off the battery. This phase is crucial for achieving a full charge and for balancing the cells within the battery, which enhances both performance and longevity.
  • Voltage Setting: The voltage should remain at 14.6V, the same as in the bulk phase. Maintaining this constant voltage ensures that the battery reaches its full potential without the risk of overvoltage.
  • Current Setting: During absorption, the current naturally tapers off as the battery approaches full capacity. The charging system should allow the current to decrease until it reaches about 3-5% of the battery’s capacity (12A to 20A for a 400Ah battery). This gradual reduction in current helps to prevent overcharging and ensures thorough, even charging of all cells.

Duration:

  • The duration of the absorption phase can vary but typically lasts until the charging current drops to a low threshold, indicating that the battery is fully charged. For a 400Ah battery, this phase might last several hours, depending on the initial state of discharge and the efficiency of the charging equipment.

These settings are guidelines that can be adjusted based on specific usage conditions and the advice of the battery manufacturer. Regular monitoring and adjustments based on performance data can help in fine-tuning these parameters to better suit individual needs.

Choosing and Setting Up the Charger

Selecting the right charger and properly configuring it are critical steps to ensure that your 12V 400Ah LiFePO4 battery charges efficiently and safely. Here’s what you need to consider:

Choosing the Right Charger:

  • Compatibility: Ensure the charger is compatible with LiFePO4 batteries. Not all chargers are created equal, and using one that’s designed for a different type of battery can lead to inefficient charging or even damage.
  • Adjustable Settings: Opt for a charger that allows you to adjust voltage and current settings. This flexibility is crucial for setting precise charging parameters that match the needs of your specific battery model.
  • Quality and Reliability: Choose a charger from a reputable manufacturer that adheres to safety standards. A high-quality charger might cost more initially but will provide reliable performance and prevent issues related to overcharging or undercharging.

Setting Up the Charger:

  • Voltage and Current Settings: Based on the recommended parameters, set the charger to deliver a bulk charge of 14.6V and limit the current to 80A. For the absorption phase, maintain the voltage at 14.6V while allowing the current to taper off as the battery approaches full charge.
  • Monitoring Tools: If possible, use a charger with built-in monitoring capabilities. These can provide real-time feedback on voltage, current, and charge progression, which helps in adjusting settings if necessary and prevents charging issues.
  • Safety Features: Ensure the charger has necessary safety features such as overvoltage protection, short circuit protection, and thermal shutdown. These features help protect both the battery and the charger from potential damage during the charging process.

Properly setting up your charger not only optimizes the charging process but also extends the life of your battery. Taking the time to configure these settings correctly can make a significant difference in the performance and longevity of your 12V 400Ah LiFePO4 battery.

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Lab creates world’s first anode-free sodium solid-state battery

na ion battery

UChicago Pritzker Molecular Engineering Prof. Y. Shirley Meng’s Laboratory for Energy Storage and Conversion has created the world’s first anode-free sodium solid-state battery.

With this research, the LESC—a collaboration between the UChicago Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering and the University of California San Diego’s Aiiso Yufeng Li Family Department of Chemical and Nano Engineering—has brought the reality of inexpensive, fast-charging, high-capacity batteries for electric vehicles and grid storage closer than ever.

“Although there have been previous sodium, solid-state, and anode-free batteries, no one has been able to successfully combine these three ideas until now,” said UC San Diego Ph.D. candidate Grayson Deysher, first author of a new paper outlining the team’s work.

The paper, published today in Nature Energy, demonstrates a new sodium battery architecture with stable cycling for several hundred cycles. By removing the anode and using inexpensive, abundant sodium instead of lithium, this new form of battery will be more affordable and environmentally friendly to produce. Through its innovative solid-state design, the battery also will be safe and powerful.

This work is both an advance in the science and a necessary step to fill the battery scaling gap needed to transition the world economy off of fossil fuels.

“To keep the United States running for one hour, we must produce one terawatt hour of energy,” Meng said. “To accomplish our mission of decarbonizing our economy, we need several hundred terawatt hours of batteries. We need more batteries, and we need them fast.”

Sustainability and sodium

The lithium commonly used for batteries isn’t that common. It makes up about 20 parts per million of the Earth’s crust, compared to sodium, which makes up 20,000 parts per million.

This scarcity, combined with the surge in demand for the lithium-ion batteries for laptops, phones and EVs, have sent prices skyrocketing, putting the needed batteries further out of reach.

Lithium deposits are also concentrated. The “Lithium Triangle” of Chile, Argentina and Bolivia holds more than 75% of the world’s lithium supply, with other deposits in Australia, North Carolina and Nevada. This benefits some nations over others in the decarbonization needed to fight climate change.

“Global action requires working together to access critically important materials,” Meng said.

Lithium extraction is also environmentally damaging, whether from the industrial acids used to break down mining ore or the more common brine extraction that pumps massive amounts of water to the surface to dry.

Sodium, common in ocean water and soda ash mining, is an inherently more environmentally friendly battery material. The LESC research has made it a powerful one as well.

 

sodium battery stocks

Innovative architecture

To create a sodium battery with the energy density of a lithium battery, the team needed to invent a new sodium battery architecture.

Traditional batteries have an anode to store the ions while a battery is charging. While the battery is in use, the ions flow from the anode through an electrolyte to a current collector (cathode), powering devices and cars along the way.

Anode-free batteries remove the anode and store the ions on an electrochemical deposition of alkali metal directly on the current collector. This approach enables higher cell voltage, lower cell cost, and increased energy density, but brings its own challenges.

“In any anode-free battery there needs to be good contact between the electrolyte and the current collector,” Deysher said. “This is typically very easy when using a liquid electrolyte, as the liquid can flow everywhere and wet every surface. A solid electrolyte cannot do this.”

However, those liquid electrolytes create a buildup called solid electrolyte interphase while steadily consuming the active materials, reducing the battery’s usefulness over time.

A solid that flows

The team took a novel, innovative approach to this problem. Rather than using an electrolyte that surrounds the current collector, they created a current collector that surrounds the electrolyte.

They created their current collector out of aluminum powder, a solid that can flow like a liquid.

During battery assembly cycle, the powder was densified under high pressure to form a solid current collector while maintaining a liquid-like contact with the electrolyte, enabling the low-cost and high-efficiency cycling that can push this game-changing technology forward.

“Sodium solid-state batteries are usually seen as a far-off-in-the-future technology, but we hope that this paper can invigorate more push into the sodium area by demonstrating that it can indeed work well, even better than the lithium version in some cases,” Deysher said.

The ultimate goal? Meng envisions an energy future with a variety of clean, inexpensive battery options that store renewable energy, scaled to fit society’s needs.

Meng and Deysher have filed a patent application for their work through UC San Diego’s Office of Innovation and Commercialization.

More information: Grayson Deysher et al, Design principles for enabling an anode-free sodium all-solid-state battery, Nature Energy (2024). DOI: 10.1038/s41560-024-01569-9

Journal information: Nature Energy

Provided by University of Chicago

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RVs Batteries, Lead Acid Batteries or LiFePO4 batteries?

Energy storage lifepo4 battery

Lead-acid batteries have been around for decades and are the most commonly used type of battery in RVs. They are relatively inexpensive and widely available, but they do have some downsides: They are heavy, often two to three times as heavy for the same capacity and application.

 

HIMAX lithium batteries provide up to 10 times longer life than lead-acid batteries, and they still provide 80% of rated capacity after 2,000 cycles.

 

HIMAX LiFePO4 batteries are available in a variety of standard sizes for easy drop-in replacement. Plug, play, and charge. No watering.
RVs Batteries or LiFePO4 batteries?

 

HIMAX IEC62619-certified batteries are mainly designed for RVs, which are now widely used in Australia.

HIMAX is a professional manufacturer of LiFePO4, Lithium-ion, Li-Polymer, Ni-MH battery packs with factory in Shenzhen China and subsidiary in Australia.

After 12 years of continuous study and exploration, HIMAX has become a global-oriented multinational company integrating R&D and production, providing specialized and customized products.

We focus on battery solutions for Energy Storage Systems, Solar Street Lighting, RV, Electric Vehicles, Medical Equipment, UPS, ETC…

HIMAX has passed ISO9001 quality management system certification, and its products have obtained UL, CE, UN38.3, MSDS, IEC, and other international certifications.

With reliable quality, positive service, and competitive price, we have cooperated with more than 2,000 customers from all over the world.

We are looking forward to be your battery partner. OEM & ODM are welcome.

LG sees battery breakthrough by 2028 that has eluded Tesla

new energy battery

LG Energy Solution Ltd. is aiming to commercialize what’s been described as a game-changing, battery-making technology by 2028, opening a path for the Korean cell manufacturer to become more competitive with Chinese rivals.

Companies from Tesla Inc. to Samsung SDI Co. are working on dry-coating technology, a process that aims to replace the energy-intensive wet process for making cathode and anode electrodes—a key component of electric car batteries. The search for cheaper and more environmentally friendly ways to produce batteries is becoming increasingly urgent as electric vehicle demand cools.

“Among battery competitors, LG is the top” in terms of dry-coating technology, Kim Je-Young, who became LG Energy Solution’s chief technology officer in December, said in an exclusive interview with Bloomberg News at the company’s headquarters in Seoul. “We started 10 years ago.”

LG plans to complete a pilot production line for its dry-coating process in the fourth quarter, and start full-scale production in 2028, Kim said. It’s the first time LG has disclosed a timeline for commercializing the technology. Kim estimates the dry method can lower battery manufacturing costs by between 17% to 30%.

Tesla, which acquired a dry-coating startup called Maxwell Technologies Inc. in 2019, has attempted to implement the technology to produce its 4680 battery cells in Austin, Texas, with limited success. Wet coating requires costly, energy-intensive steps of dissolving chemicals in toxic solvents that are then dried in a nearly 100-meter-long oven at temperatures as high as 200 degrees Celsius on the battery production line.

With dry coating, battery makers can save on energy, equipment costs and space. They don’t have to invest in drying ovens or solvent recovery systems. Volkswagen AG, which is also trying to develop dry coating at its in-house battery company, PowerCo, has called the technology a “game changer” because it could enable companies to use 30% less energy and 50% less space.

LG is betting on a leapfrog innovation like dry coating to bolster its efforts to compete with Chinese battery makers. Its share of the EV battery market has fallen to 12.6% so far this year versus 14.6% a year earlier. That’s due in large part to the expansion of Chinese players like Contemporary Amperex Technology Co. Ltd. and BYD Co.

Himax-High-Rate-Battery

The average price of a lithium-iron-phosphate, or LFP, battery in China plunged 44% to $53 per kilowatt hour through April, according to BloombergNEF.

Batteries have three major components: two electrodes (an anode and a cathode) and an electrolyte that helps shuttle the charge between them. The materials used to make those components determine how much energy batteries store and at what cost.

Tesla promoted the dry method for electrodes on its battery day in 2020. But the U.S. EV maker has only been able to implement the process on the anode part of the battery, not the cathode, according to Reuters. Tesla didn’t respond to a request for comment on its battery development.

Making the cathode with dry processing is more difficult than the anode because cathodes tend to be made from materials that are harder to handle, experts say.

The dry electrode manufacturing process that LG is developing can be applied to both cathodes and anodes, regardless of the size of the cathode particles, Kim said. Applying dry electrode manufacturing to cathodes with smaller size particles is very challenging, he added.

Aside from Tesla, companies including Panasonic Holdings Corp., CATL, EVE Energy Co., and Svolt Energy Technology Co. are working on dry electrode technology to apply to the high energy-density 4680 cells, according to an April report from SNE Research.

“Everyone is jumping into this technology because Tesla started it,” said Park Chul-Wan, an automotive professor at Seojeong University. “All of Korea’s three battery makers are still at an early stage of the dry process.”

For equipment makers, the push for more efficient battery-manufacturing processes represents an opportunity.

Hanwha Momentum Co., a Seongnam-based unit of Hanwha Group that makes battery-production equipment, is studying the dry process with battery makers. Massachusetts-based startup AM Batteries meanwhile has recruited veterans of Tesla’s efforts to help develop equipment for its spray method of dry-coating batteries.

Narae Nanotech Corp., a Yongin, South Korea-based company that supplies coating for Apple iPhones and iPads, is also trying to break into the battery business by going for more low-hanging fruit. Rather than use a dry process, Narae is trying to improve the wet process by cutting the coating line by half using xenon flash lamps.

“The EV industry is now in a difficult phase of crossing the chasm and many people are considering different ways of production,” Jang Dong-Won, the CEO of Narae, said. “There’s demand for a totally different way of production to beat Chinese rivals.”

2024 Bloomberg L.P. Distributed by Tribune Content Agency, LLC.

 

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Why li ion battery

Why Choose Lithium-Ion Batteries? Understanding Their Dominance in Modern Technology

Introduction

In the landscape of modern technology, lithium-ion battery stands out as the powerhouse behind much of our portable and even stationary technology. From smartphones and laptops to electric vehicles and renewable energy storage, the versatility and efficiency of lithium-ion technology have made it a cornerstone of energy solutions. This article delves into the myriad reasons why lithium-ion batteries have become the preferred choice across various sectors, highlighting their benefits and the innovations brought forward by Himax Electronics.

The Technological Edge of Lithium-Ion Batteries

High Energy Density

Lithium-ion batteries are favored for their high energy density. This feature allows devices to operate longer between charges, making them ideal for today’s high-use, mobile world. For instance, electric vehicles require batteries that can store a lot of energy to increase their driving range before needing a recharge, something lithium-ion technology facilitates more efficiently than other battery types.

Longevity

Unlike other battery technologies that suffer from rapid degradation, lithium-ion battery can endure thousands of charge-discharge cycles before their capacity falls significantly. This longevity is critical not only for consumer electronics but also for applications like backup power systems and electric vehicles, where frequent battery replacements are not practical.

Fast Charging

Another significant advantage of lithium-ion batteries is their capability to support fast charging. This is crucial in a world that values speed and efficiency, enabling users to quickly recharge their devices and vehicles in a fraction of the time it takes other battery technologies.

 

Lithium-ion batteries

Environmental and Economic Benefits

Reduced Environmental Impact

Lithium-ion battery plays a substantial role in driving the adoption of green technologies. Their ability to efficiently store renewable energy contributes significantly to reducing reliance on fossil fuels. Furthermore, advancements in recycling technologies have made it possible to reclaim and reuse many of the materials used in these batteries, mitigating environmental impacts.

Cost-Effectiveness

As production technologies mature and scale, the cost of lithium-ion batteries continues to decline. This trend enhances their economic viability across a broad spectrum of industries, accelerating the transition to energy solutions that are both sustainable and affordable.

Versatile Applications

Consumer Electronics

In consumer electronics, lithium-ion batteries have enabled the development of lighter, thinner, and more portable devices without sacrificing performance. They are the power source of choice for most smartphones, laptops, and wearable technologies due to their efficiency and compact form factor.

Electric Vehicles

In the automotive sector, lithium-ion batteries are critical for the success of electric vehicles (EVs). They provide a favorable balance of weight, range, and power, which are essential for making EVs a practical alternative to gasoline-powered vehicles.

Energy Storage Systems

For renewable energy systems, lithium-ion batteries offer solutions for storing energy generated from solar and wind sources. By smoothing out the supply of electricity, they help overcome the intermittency issues commonly associated with these renewable resources.

 

Himax Electronics: Pioneering Advances in Lithium-Ion Technology

At Himax Electronics, we are committed to pushing the boundaries of lithium-ion battery technology. Our research and development efforts focus on enhancing the safety, efficiency, and durability of our batteries.

Innovative Battery Management Systems (BMS)

Our sophisticated BMS technology ensures optimal performance and longevity by precisely managing the charge and discharge processes and protecting the battery cells from conditions that could lead to damage or inefficiency.

Sustainability Initiatives

Himax Electronics is dedicated to sustainability, actively working on reducing the environmental footprint of our products through advanced manufacturing processes and participating in global recycling initiatives.

Conclusion

Lithium-ion batteries represent more than just a technological advancement; they are a key enabler of modern mobile and sustainable technologies. With companies like Himax Electronics at the forefront of battery innovation, the potential for these batteries to power our future is not only promising—it’s already happening. For more information on how our battery solutions can power your next project, visit our website or contact us today.

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Why do li ion batteries swell

high quality lithium ion batteries

Understanding Why Lithium-Ion Batteries Swell: Causes, Prevention, and Himax Electronics’ Solutions

Lithium-ion batteries are pivotal in powering a vast array of devices from smartphones to electric vehicles. However, users often encounter a common issue—battery swelling, which can compromise device functionality and safety. This article delves into the reasons behind lithium-ion battery swelling, explores preventive measures, and showcases how Himax Electronics is pioneering solutions to enhance battery safety.
battery swell
What Causes Lithium-Ion Batteries to Swell?
  1. Chemical Expansion:
    1. Lithium-ion batteries function through the movement of lithium ions between the anode and cathode. During charge cycles, lithium ions intercalate into the anode, which can cause physical expansion. Similarly, cathode materials can undergo changes leading to volume expansion during battery discharge.
  2. Gas Generation:
    1. Battery swelling often results from gases generated within the cell. These gases form due to the decomposition of electrolytes or from moisture reacting with the battery’s electrolyte and electrode materials. This is more prevalent if the battery is exposed to improper charging techniques or environmental conditions that facilitate breakdown.
  3. Thermal Runaway:
    1. Excessive heat is a catalyst for chemical reactions inside the battery that contribute to gas generation. Heat can be produced from overcharging, high external temperatures, or internal faults within the battery, leading to a dangerous cycle known as thermal runaway.
Preventive Measures and Maintenance Tips
  1. Proper Charging Practices:
    1. Using a compatible charger and adhering to manufacturer-specified charging limits can prevent overcharging, one of the primary causes of swelling.
    2. Avoid leaving devices charging overnight and ensure that charging environments are cool and ventilated.
  2. Regular Monitoring and Maintenance:
    1. Regularly inspect batteries for signs of damage or swelling. Early detection can prevent further damage or potential hazards.
    2. Replace batteries at signs of wear or after the recommended number of charge cycles has been reached.
  3. Storage Conditions:
    1. Store lithium-ion batteries in cool, dry places to prevent exposure to conditions that could trigger swelling. Avoid temperature extremes, both hot and cold.
How Himax Electronics Enhances Battery Safety
At Himax Electronics, we are committed to advancing battery technology with a focus on safety and durability. Here’s how we address the issue of lithium-ion battery swelling:
  1. Advanced Battery Management Systems (BMS):
    1. Our state-of-the-art BMS technology closely monitors and controls the battery’s voltage, current, and temperature, ensuring that each cell within a battery pack operates within safe parameters. This system helps in mitigating the risks associated with overcharging and thermal runaway.
  2. High-Quality Material Selection:
    1. Himax Electronics uses superior electrode and electrolyte materials that minimize degenerative reactions which can lead to gas formation. Our materials are rigorously tested to ensure they meet the highest standards of safety and performance.
  3. Innovative Design for Longevity:
    1. Our batteries are designed with structural reinforcements that accommodate natural expansion without compromising the integrity of the battery. This design innovation significantly reduces the risk of swelling and extends the battery’s operational life.
Lithium battery thermal runaway
Conclusion
Understanding the causes and preventive measures of lithium-ion battery(LI-ION BATTERY) swelling is essential for maintaining the safety and longevity of your devices. By adopting proper care and safety practices, users can significantly reduce the risk of swelling. At Himax Electronics, we continue to lead the industry in safe battery technology, offering products that are not only efficient but also align with the highest safety standards. For more information about our products and how we can assist in providing safe, reliable battery solutions, visit our website or contact our support team.

New electrolyte design boosts lithium metal battery range while minimizing fluorine content

na ion battery

A new electrolyte design for lithium metal batteries could significantly boost the range of electric vehicles. Researchers at ETH Zurich have radically reduced the amount of environmentally harmful fluorine required to stabilize these batteries.

Lithium metal batteries are among the most promising candidates for the next generation of high-energy batteries. They can store at least twice as much energy per unit of volume as the lithium-ion batteries that are in widespread use today. This will mean, for example, that an electric car can travel twice as far on a single charge, or that a smartphone will not have to be recharged so often.

At present, there is still one crucial drawback with lithium metal batteries: the liquid electrolyte requires the addition of significant amounts of fluorinated solvents and fluorinated salts, which increases its environmental footprint.

Without the addition of fluorine, however, lithium metal batteries would be unstable, they would stop working after very few charging cycles and be prone to short circuits as well as overheating and igniting.

A research group led by Maria Lukatskaya, Professor of Electrochemical Energy Systems at ETH Zurich, has now developed a new method that dramatically reduces the amount of fluorine required in lithium metal batteries, thereby rendering them more environmentally friendly and more stable as well as cost-effective.

The work is published in the journal Energy & Environmental Science. An application for a patent has been made.

A stable protective layer increases battery safety and efficiency

The fluorinated compounds from the electrolyte help the formation of a protective layer around the metallic lithium at the negative electrode of the battery.

“This protective layer can be compared to the enamel of a tooth,” Lukatskaya explains. “It protects the metallic lithium from continuous reaction with electrolyte components.”

Without it, the electrolyte would quickly get depleted during cycling, the cell would fail, and the lack of a stable layer would result in the formation of lithium metal whiskers—’dendrites’—during the recharging process instead of a conformal flat layer.

Should these dendrites touch the positive electrode, this would cause a short circuit with the risk that the battery heats up so much that it ignites. The ability to control the properties of this protective layer is therefore crucial for battery performance. A stable protective layer increases battery efficiency, safety and service life.

Future Batteries（Article illustrations）

Minimizing fluorine content

“The question was how to reduce the amount of added fluorine without compromising the protective layer’s stability,” says doctoral student Nathan Hong. The group’s new method uses electrostatic attraction to achieve the desired reaction. Here, electrically charged fluorinated molecules serve as a vehicle to transport the fluorine to the protective layer.

This means that only 0.1% by weight of fluorine is required in the liquid electrolyte, which is at least 20 times lower than in prior studies.

Optimized method makes batteries greener

One of the biggest challenges was to find the right molecule to which fluorine could be attached and that would also decompose again under the right conditions once it had reached the lithium metal.

As the group explains, a key advantage of this method is that it can be seamlessly integrated into the existing battery production process without generating additional costs to change the production setup.

The batteries used in the lab were the size of a coin. In a next step, the researchers plan to test the method’s scalability and apply it to pouch cells as used in smartphones.

More information: Chulgi Nathan Hong et al, Robust battery interphases from dilute fluorinated cations, Energy & Environmental Science (2024). DOI: 10.1039/D4EE00296B

Journal information: Energy & Environmental Science

Provided by ETH Zurich

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Lithium battery recycling

Since the 1990s, the use of lithium battery has become more and more widespread.

Today, lithium-ion batteries are almost everywhere, from laptops, mobile phones to electric vehicles and energy storage devices. As a result, the number of discarded lithium-ion batteries has increased at an alarming rate. Some studies predict that by 2030, the global scrapped lithium-ion batteries will reach more than 11 million tons. At present, the recycling rate of waste lithium-ion batteries in the United States is less than 5%. If this problem cannot be effectively solved, it will have adverse effects on both the health of the people and the natural ecological environment.

li-ion-battery

Although the prospects are good, the current volume of scrapped lithium batteries is relatively “bleak”. Scrapped power batteries include not only ternary batteries, but also lithium iron phosphate batteries, lithium manganese oxide batteries, etc. Among them, the more popular ones are only the relatively high-value ternary batteries.

The service life of lithium batteries is generally about 8 years, and the lithium battery recycling market has not yet ushered in large-scale demand. At present, in the lithium battery recycling market, the main source of scrapped power batteries is still new energy vehicles before 2015, most of which are service vehicles such as buses and taxis, which is far from meeting the available production capacity.

At the same time, industry analysts pointed out that after the power batteries reach the service life, most of the “retired” lithium batteries have flowed into the stage of cascade utilization.