Lithium Battery Manufacturers Archives

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Lithium-ion vs. LiFePO4 Batteries: Core Characteristics and a Practical Selection Guide

In today’s battery technology landscape, lithium-ion batteries (NMC/NCA) and lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4 or LFP) batteries are the two dominant chemistries. Together, they power the global transition to clean energy—supporting applications ranging from electric vehicles and consumer electronics to home energy storage and telecom backup systems.

Although both belong to the lithium family, their chemical structures lead to very different performance characteristics. Understanding these differences is essential for engineers, system integrators, and buyers who want to choose the most suitable battery solution for their application.

This article provides a clear, practical comparison to help you make an informed decision.

1. Chemical Fundamentals: Where the Differences Begin

The most fundamental difference between lithium-ion and LiFePO4 batteries lies in the cathode material, which directly determines energy density, safety, lifespan, and cost.

Lithium-ion Batteries (NMC / NCA)

Lithium-ion batteries use lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide (NMC) or lithium nickel cobalt aluminum oxide (NCA) as the cathode material.
Thanks to their high operating voltage and layered crystal structure, these batteries can store more energy in a smaller and lighter package.

LiFePO4 Batteries (LFP)

LiFePO4 batteries use lithium iron phosphate as the cathode.
Their stable olivine crystal structure provides excellent thermal stability and strong resistance to degradation, which is the foundation of their long cycle life and high safety level.

2. Five Key Performance Dimensions Compared

Below is a simplified comparison across five critical performance areas that matter most in real-world applications.

1) Energy Density

Lithium-ion: High (200–300 Wh/kg)

LiFePO4: Medium (140–180 Wh/kg)

Selection insight:
If your product requires lightweight design or long runtime—such as electric vehicles, drones, or portable electronics—lithium-ion batteries are usually the better choice.
If size and weight are less critical, LiFePO4 is often preferred for its other advantages.

2) Safety

Lithium-ion: Medium

LiFePO4: High

LiFePO4 batteries have excellent thermal stability and are much less prone to thermal runaway, even under conditions such as overcharging, short circuit, or mechanical damage.
For applications where safety is the top priority, LiFePO4 is widely regarded as an inherently safer chemistry.

3) Cycle Life

Lithium-ion: 500–1,000 cycles

LiFePO4: 2,000–5,000 cycles (or more)

Selection insight:
For applications sensitive to total lifetime cost—such as energy storage systems, commercial vehicles, or backup power—LiFePO4’s long cycle life provides a clear advantage.

4) Cost

Lithium-ion: Higher (contains cobalt and nickel)

LiFePO4: Lower (iron and phosphate are abundant)

Raw material cost and price volatility make lithium-ion batteries more expensive.
LiFePO4 batteries benefit from lower and more stable material costs, which is a key reason for their rapid adoption in large-scale commercial and energy storage projects.

5) Low-Temperature Performance

Lithium-ion: Better

About 70% capacity retention at –20°C

LiFePO4: Weaker

About 50–60% capacity retention at –20°C

Selection insight:
For cold climates or outdoor applications, lithium-ion batteries perform better.
LiFePO4 systems can still be used in cold environments, but they often require heating elements or advanced thermal management.

3. Strengths and Challenges in Detail

Advantages and Challenges of Lithium-ion Batteries

Key advantages:

High energy density enables longer driving range or smaller battery packs

Supports fast charging and high power output

Ideal for performance-focused applications

Main challenges:

More sensitive to overcharging and high temperatures

Requires a precise and reliable battery management system (BMS)

Shorter cycle life compared to LiFePO4

Higher and less stable raw material costs

Advantages and Limitations of LiFePO4 Batteries

Key advantages:

Outstanding safety and thermal stability

Very long cycle life, reducing cost per kWh over time

No cobalt or nickel, making it more environmentally friendly

Stable performance over many years of use

Main limitations:

Lower energy density

Larger and heavier packs for the same capacity

Reduced performance in low-temperature environments

4. Application Scenarios: Which Battery Should You Choose?

Choose Lithium-ion If Your Priority Is:

Maximum energy density

Long-range electric vehicles

Drones and aviation-related systems

High-end consumer electronics

High power output

Power tools

Performance hybrid or electric vehicles

Cold climate operation

Outdoor or automotive applications in low temperatures

Choose LiFePO4 If Your Priority Is:

Safety and long-term reliability

Energy storage systems (ESS)

Solar storage

Telecom base station backup power

Lower total cost of ownership

Commercial EVs

Electric buses and logistics vehicles

Shared mobility fleets

Fixed installations with high safety requirements

Home energy storage

Security and monitoring equipment

Marine and UPS backup systems

5. Future Trends: Competition or Coexistence?

The market is not moving toward a “winner-takes-all” solution. Instead, it is evolving toward application-based optimization.

Technology Evolution

Lithium-ion batteries are shifting toward high-nickel, low-cobalt formulations to increase energy density while reducing cost.

LiFeO4 batteries are improving pack-level efficiency through innovations such as CTP (Cell-to-Pack) and blade battery designs, which significantly increase volumetric energy density.

Mixed Battery Strategies

Some automakers now adopt dual chemistry strategies:

Entry-level models use LiFePO4 for cost and safety

Premium models use lithium-ion for performance and range

System-Level Optimization

Regardless of chemistry, system design is critical.
Battery performance and safety heavily depend on:

Battery management system (BMS)

Thermal management design

Manufacturing quality and consistency

In many cases, a well-designed LiFePO4 system can outperform a poorly designed lithium-ion system—and vice versa.

Conclusion: There Is No Perfect Battery, Only the Right One

The choice between lithium-ion and LiFePO4 batteries is ultimately a strategic trade-off between energy density and safety/longevity.

If every gram and every kilometer matters, lithium-ion is often the right answer.

If long term stability, safety, and life cycle cost are more important, LiFePO4 is the smarter choice.

There is no universal “best battery”—only the most suitable solution for a specific application.

When selecting a battery, always return to the core question:
Do you need maximum performance today, or stable and reliable operation for the next ten years?
The answer will guide you to the right technology.

December 30, 2025

Li-Ion Battery, News

18650 vs. 26650: Two Classic Cylindrical Lithium Batteries — How to Choose the Right One

In the world of cylindrical lithium-ion batteries, 18650 and 26650 are two of the most well-known and widely used formats. They have been on the market for many years and are still essential in many industries today.

The numbers in their names act like an “ID card”:

The first two digits indicate the diameter (in millimeters)

The next two digits indicate the length (in millimeters)

The final “0” means the battery is cylindrical

For example:

18650 = 18 mm diameter, 65 mm length

26650 = 26 mm diameter, 65 mm length

Although they share the same length, the 8 mm difference in diameter leads to clear differences in capacity, performance, cost, and application. Understanding these differences is a key step in designing efficient and reliable battery-powered products.

1. Key Differences: More Than Just Size

The table below highlights the main differences between 18650 and 26650 lithium-ion batteries.

Physical Size

18650:

Diameter: 18 mm

Length: 65 mm

26650:

Diameter: 26 mm

Length: 65 mm

Both batteries have the same height, but the larger diameter of the 26650 gives it more internal volume and higher weight, which directly affects capacity.

Typical Capacity

18650:

Common range: 1,800 mAh – 3,500 mAh

26650:

Common range: 4,500 mAh – 5,000 mAh

Under the same battery chemistry, a 26650 cell usually offers more than 50% higher capacity than an 18650 cell, simply because it is larger.

Energy Density

18650: Higher energy density

26650: Lower energy density (compared to 18650)

The 18650 format has been produced on a massive scale for many years. Its manufacturing process is extremely mature and highly standardized, which allows it to achieve better energy density per unit volume.

Discharge Performance

18650:

Very wide range

From standard cells (around 3C) to high-power cells (10C or higher)

26650:

Usually moderate discharge rates

Most models focus on 1C–3C continuous discharge

The 18650 market offers more high-rate power cells, making it suitable for applications that require strong current output.
The 26650 focuses more on a balance between capacity and stable continuous discharge.

Cost and Market Availability

18650:

Lower cost

Extremely widely available

Many brands and suppliers

26650:

Higher cost per cell

Fewer manufacturers and options

The 18650 is an industry-standard cell. Large-scale production creates strong cost advantages.
In comparison, the 26650 supply chain is smaller, which affects both price and availability.

Typical Applications

18650 batteries are commonly used in:

Laptops

Power tools

High-end flashlights

Drones

Electric bicycles and scooters

26650 batteries are commonly used in:

Solar street lights

Energy storage systems

UPS systems

Telecom backup power

Large lighting equipment

In simple terms:

18650 = flexibility and performance

26650 = capacity and durability

2. Shared Advantages: Why They Remain Popular

Despite their differences, both 18650 and 26650 batteries share the core advantages of high-quality cylindrical lithium-ion cells:

High energy density compared with NiMH or lead-acid batteries

Long cycle life, often more than 500 cycles to 80% capacity

No memory effect, allowing flexible charging

Stable nominal voltage (typically 3.6V–3.7V)

Easy pack assembly, as cylindrical cells are easy to connect in series and parallel using holders or brackets

These advantages make them reliable building blocks for battery packs of many sizes and voltage levels.

3. Inherent Limitations: What System Design Must Address

Both formats also share some limitations that designers must consider:

Fixed shape
Cylindrical cells cannot fully use irregular internal space, unlike pouch batteries

Protection required
A protection circuit or battery management system (BMS) is essential to prevent overcharge, over-discharge, over current and short circuits.

Safety design challenges
In extreme thermal runaway cases, cylindrical metal shells may vent gas. Proper pack-level thermal design and safety spacing are important.

These issues do not prevent their use, but they must be addressed through good system-level design.

4. How to Choose: A Practical Decision Guide

Choosing between 18650 and 26650 is mainly about matching the battery to your core requirements.

Step 1: Space and Energy Requirements

If your product has limited space and needs high energy density, 18650 is usually the better choice.

If space allows a larger diameter and you want higher capacity per cell to reduce the number of parallel cells, 26650 is a strong option.

Step 2: Discharge Needs and Cost

For applications that require high current or high power, such as power tools or fast-moving drones, high-rate 18650 cells are recommended.

For applications that focus on medium-rate continuous discharge and long runtime, such as energy storage or lighting, 26650 cells often provide better value.

For cost-sensitive, high-volume projects, the mature 18650 supply chain usually offers more competitive pricing.

Application-Based Summary

Choose 18650 when designing:

Portable consumer electronics

Lightweight electric mobility products

Power tools or devices with high power demand

Choose 26650 when designing:

Energy storage systems

Long-runtime lighting solutions

Products with enough space and strict capacity requirements per cell

Conclusion

18650 and 26650 batteries are not competitors, but complementary solutions.

The 18650 dominates portable and high-performance applications thanks to its excellent standardization, energy density, and cost advantages.

The 26650 holds a strong position in energy storage and long-runtime applications due to its higher single-cell capacity and durability.

When making a decision, move beyond the simple question of “which is better.”
Return to the basics of product design:

What are your space limits, energy needs, discharge requirements, and cost targets?

Once these questions are answered, the right battery format will become clear.

December 30, 2025

Lithium-ion Battery Wholesale, News

The Role of ICs and MOSFETs on a Lithium Battery Protection Board

If you open a lithium battery protection board and take a closer look, two components immediately stand out: the protection IC and one or more MOSFETs.

They are always there, whether it is a simple single-cell protection board or a high-current battery pack used in industrial equipment.

People often ask which one is more important, or what exactly each of them does.

In reality, they serve very different purposes, and confusing their roles is one of the most common misunderstandings in lithium battery design.

A protection board only works properly when the IC and the MOSFETs work together, each doing what it is designed to do.

What the Protection IC Actually Does

At its core, the protection IC is not a power component. It does not drive motors, supply loads, or carry large currents. Its job is much simpler — and at the same time, much more critical.

The protection IC is responsible for monitoring and decision-making.

In most lithium battery protection designs, the IC continuously monitors:

Cell voltage or pack voltage
Charging overvoltage
Discharging undervoltage
Charge and discharge current (through a sense resistor)
Short-circuit conditions

In some designs, temperature via an external NTC

These values are compared against fixed thresholds that are built into the IC. Once any parameter goes beyond its allowed range, the IC decides that the battery is no longer operating safely.

That decision happens very quickly, often within microseconds or milliseconds.

What is important to understand is that the IC does not stop the current by itself.

It only outputs a control signal.

Why the IC Is Often Called the “Brain”

Calling the protection IC the “brain” of the protection board is not just a metaphor — it is a practical description of how the system behaves.

The IC determines:

When charging should stop
When discharging should stop
Whether an overcurrent event is temporary or a real fault
How fast the protection should react

If the IC’s thresholds are poorly chosen, the battery may:

Trigger protection too early and appear unreliable. Or worse, fail to protect the cells at all

In real projects, many field issues traced back to batteries are not caused by the cells themselves, but by incorrect IC selection or incorrect parameter matching.

What MOSFETs Do on a Protection Board

While the IC makes decisions, the MOSFETs are the components that physically control the current path.

A MOSFET on a protection board works as an electronic switch. When it is turned on, current flows normally between the battery and the external circuit. When it is turned off, that current path is interrupted.

When the protection IC detects an abnormal condition, it sends a signal to the MOSFET gate. The MOSFET then switches off and isolates the battery from the charger or the load.

This is the moment where protection actually happens.

Without MOSFETs, the IC would have no way to enforce its decisions.

Why There Are Usually Two MOSFETs

One detail that often raises questions is why protection boards typically use two MOSFETs connected back-to-back, rather than a single one.

The reason is simple but important.

A single MOSFET contains a body diode, which allows current to flow in one direction even when the MOSFET is turned off. This means a single MOSFET cannot fully block current in both charge and discharge directions.

By using two MOSFETs in a back-to-back configuration, the protection board can:

Block charging current
Block discharging current
Prevent leakage through the body diode

This arrangement allows the IC to independently control charging and discharging behavior, which is essential for proper lithium battery protection.

MOSFETs and Current Handling in Real Designs

From a system perspective, MOSFETs are usually the most stressed components on a protection board.

They must handle:

Continuous operating current
Peak current during acceleration or motor startup
Short-circuit current before protection kicks in

Key MOSFET parameters such as Rds(on), current rating, and thermal performance directly affect:

Heat generation
Efficiency
Long-term reliability

In high-current battery packs, MOSFET selection and PCB layout matter just as much as the IC itself.

It is not uncommon to see perfectly good protection logic paired with undersized MOSFETs, leading to overheating or premature failure.

In practice, many “protection board failures” are actually MOSFET thermal failures, not IC failures.

How the IC and MOSFETs Work Together

To understand the interaction between the IC and MOSFETs, it helps to look at a simple real-world scenario.

Imagine a battery pack being discharged until the voltage drops too low.

The cell voltage gradually decreases during discharge

The protection IC continuously monitors this voltage

Once the undervoltage threshold is reached, the IC determines that further discharge would damage the cell

The IC sends a control signal to the MOSFET gate

The MOSFETs turn off

The battery is disconnected from the load

The entire sequence happens automatically and very quickly.

The IC decides when protection is needed, and the MOSFETs determine whether the current can actually be stopped.

A Common Misconception

One of the most common misunderstandings is assuming that MOSFETs “provide” the protection by themselves.

In reality:

The IC defines the protection logic

The MOSFETs provide the switching capability

If the IC logic is wrong, even the best MOSFETs cannot protect the battery properly.

If the MOSFETs are poorly selected, even a well-designed IC cannot safely interrupt high current.

Battery safety is never the result of a single component. It is the result of how these components work together.

What This Means for Battery Pack Design

From a practical engineering point of view:

The protection IC determines accuracy, reliability, and functional behavior

The MOSFETs determine current capability, heat generation, and durability

In low-current applications, this distinction may not seem critical.

In high-current or long-life systems, it becomes one of the most important design considerations.

Understanding this relationship helps explain why two battery packs with similar cells can behave very differently in the field.

December 29, 2025

Li-Polymer Battery, News

Why LiPo Batteries Need Extra Space and Why Swelling Is Dangerous

Lithium Polymer (LiPo) batteries are widely used because they are light and powerful. However, many people ask: Why can’t a LiPo battery be made exactly the same size as the battery case? The answer is safety.

Why LiPo Batteries Cannot Fit Tightly in the Case

LiPo batteries need extra space to “breathe.” During long-term use, a LiPo battery may slightly expand. If the battery is put into a very tight case with no space, it may be pressed by the case, which is very dangerous.

There are four main reasons:

Space for normal expansion

During charging and discharging, a small amount of gas is slowly produced inside the battery. This can cause the battery thickness to increase by about 1–3% over time. Extra space allows this normal aging expansion safely.

Avoid internal damage

If the battery is squeezed, stress points may form inside. This can damage the separator or electrodes and cause an internal short circuit, which may lead to fire or thermal runaway.

Better heat dissipation

A tight case blocks heat from escaping. Heat buildup will speed up battery aging and gas generation, making the situation worse.

Protection from shock and vibration

In case of drops or vibration, the reserved space (usually with soft foam) helps absorb impact and protect the battery.

For safety, engineers usually keep 0.5 mm to 2 mm space on each side, depending on battery size and capacity.

Why LiPo Batteries Slightly Expand During Use

Slight expansion is a normal aging process and happens slowly. It mainly comes from two chemical reasons:

SEI layer changes

A protective layer (called SEI) forms on the anode. During every charge and discharge, it slightly breaks and repairs itself, producing a very small amount of gas.

Slow electrolyte decomposition

Over a long time, the electrolyte may slowly react and create gas.

This kind of expansion is even and slow and usually appears after many charge cycles. It is not immediately dangerous.

What Is Dangerous Swelling (Battery Bulging)?

Dangerous swelling, also called bulging, is not normal and is very unsafe.

Item	Normal Expansion	Dangerous Bulging
Speed	Very slow (months or years)	Fast (few cycles)
Shape	Even and flat	Uneven, pillow-like
Feeling	Slightly soft	Very hard and tight
Cause	Normal aging	Overcharge, overheating, damage

Can a Swollen LiPo Battery Still Be Used?

No. Never use a bulged LiPo battery.

Here is why:

Internal damage

Bulging means the internal structure may already be damaged, increasing the risk of short circuits.

Chemical instability

Fast gas generation shows the battery chemistry is out of control.

High fire risk

Any further charging, discharging, or even resting may cause fire or explosion.

Never try to fix it

Do not puncture the battery. This can cause immediate fire because air reacts with the battery materials.

Conclusion

LiPo batteries will slightly expand during normal use, so safe design must include extra space. Tight battery cases are dangerous. If a battery shows bulging or hard swelling, it must be stopped and recycled immediately.

Good design and correct handling are the key to LiPo battery safety. If you have any LiPO battery requirements, please don’t hesitate to contact us. We’re pleased to quote our best price for your evaluation.

December 24, 2025

Li-Ion Battery, News

Why It’s Important to Know the Battery Continuous and Instantaneous Discharge Current — and Their Duration

When selecting or designing a lithium battery, one of the most important technical factors to understand is the discharge current — both continuous and instantaneous (peak). These parameters directly affect how your battery performs, how long it lasts, and how safely it operates.

At Shenzhen Himax Electronics Co., Ltd., we often emphasize to our customers that understanding discharge current ratings is just as critical as knowing the voltage or capacity. It’s the key to ensuring that the battery truly matches your system’s real power demands.

1. What Continuous and Instantaneous Discharge Current Mean

Continuous discharge current refers to the maximum current a battery can safely deliver on an ongoing basis without overheating or causing damage to its internal structure.

Instantaneous (or peak) discharge current describes the maximum short-term current the battery can deliver, typically for a few seconds, to handle sudden surges such as motor start-ups or load spikes.

In simple terms:

Continuous = the normal, stable power output

Instantaneous = the short burst of extra power

Understanding both ensures your equipment performs smoothly and safely under all operating conditions.

2. Why Knowing These Values Matters

(1) Ensures Proper Performance

If a device demands more current than the battery can continuously provide, voltage will drop and the system may shut down or restart unexpectedly. This is especially common in high-load applications like robotics, electric tools, and e-bikes.
At Himax, our engineers always help customers match the discharge current rating precisely to their load requirements to ensure consistent performance.

(2) Protects Against Overheating and Safety Risks

When a battery is forced to deliver more than its rated continuous current, it generates excess heat. This can cause the cells to swell, degrade, or in extreme cases, lead to safety hazards.
By knowing both continuous and instantaneous limits, you can design protection systems and select appropriate Battery Management Systems (BMS) to prevent thermal damage and maintain long-term reliability.

(3) Extends Battery Lifespan

Running a battery too close to its maximum discharge limit accelerates aging. The internal chemistry deteriorates faster, leading to reduced capacity and shorter cycle life.
At Shenzhen Himax Electronics Co., Ltd., we use high-quality 18650 and 21700 cells to ensure that our lithium battery packs maintain stable discharge performance even under demanding conditions.

(4) Helps Optimize System Design

Understanding discharge behavior allows engineers to properly size cables, choose suitable connectors, and configure the BMS. It also supports better thermal design, ensuring the system remains cool and efficient during heavy load.
This data is particularly useful for integrators working on custom lithium battery packs for robotics, energy storage, or industrial automation — core areas where Himax specializes.

(5) Duration Time is Just as Important

The time that a battery can sustain its peak current matters. For example, a motor might draw 80A for just a few seconds when starting up, then stabilize at 20A during normal operation.
A high-quality lithium battery from Shenzhen Himax Electronics Co., Ltd. is designed to handle these short bursts of high current without triggering protection circuits or overheating — something that cheaper batteries often struggle with.

3.Summary Table

Parameter	Description	Why It Matters
Continuous Discharge Current	The steady current a battery can safely supply	Ensures reliable performance and safety
Instantaneous Discharge Current	The short-term maximum current for peak loads	Prevents voltage drops during surges
Duration Time	How long peak current can be maintained	Guarantees stability under dynamic conditions

4. Final Thoughts

Understanding the continuous and instantaneous discharge current — and their duration — is not just about technical precision; it’s about safety, reliability, and real-world performance. Whether you’re powering an industrial robot, a smart mobility device, or an energy storage system, choosing the right discharge capability ensures your project operates smoothly and efficiently.

At Shenzhen Himax Electronics Co., Ltd., we design and manufacture high-performance lithium-ion battery packs tailored to each customer’s power requirements. Our engineering team can help you select or customize the ideal solution with the correct discharge ratings, ensuring your system gets the performance and safety it deserves.

October 28, 2025

Li-Ion Battery, News

Why the BMS Can Consume Battery Power and Cause Over-Discharge in a Battery Pack

In every modern lithium-ion battery pack, the Battery Management System (BMS) plays a vital role. It protects the cells, balances voltages, and ensures safe operation.
However, one common issue often overlooked is that the BMS itself can consume power from the battery, and if left unchecked for long periods, this can lead to over-discharge — even when the pack is not in use.

At Shenzhen Himax Electronics Co., Ltd., we often explain this phenomenon to customers who are surprised to find that their battery voltage drops over time despite no external load connected. Understanding why this happens helps prevent premature cell damage and extends battery life.

1. The BMS Always Draws a Small Standby Current

Even when a battery pack is “off,” the BMS remains partially active. It continuously monitors parameters such as:

Cell voltage and temperature

State of charge (SOC)

Balance circuit status

To perform these functions, the BMS consumes a small quiescent current, usually in the range of tens to hundreds of microamps for low-power systems, and sometimes several milliamps in smart BMS designs with Bluetooth, RS485, or UART communication.

Over days or weeks, this constant drain can slowly discharge the cells. If the pack is stored for several months without recharging, the self-consumption current from the BMS alone can push the battery below its safe voltage limit.

2. How BMS Power Consumption Leads to Over-Discharge

(1) Unbalanced Discharge Between Cells

In multi-cell packs, each cell’s voltage can drop slightly differently. The BMS monitors and balances them using small resistors or circuits that bleed current from higher-voltage cells.
During long storage, this balancing current can continue working, drawing more power from specific cells and leading to cell imbalance or deep discharge on some cells.

(2) Continuous Operation of Communication or Protection Circuits

Smart BMS modules — such as those used by Himax — often include communication interfaces (Bluetooth, CAN, UART, etc.). When these functions stay active, they require a small but constant current from the battery.
If the pack is not recharged for a long time, that continuous draw can discharge the pack below 2.5V per cell — a critical point that can permanently damage lithium cells.

(3) Storage Without Periodic Maintenance

If a battery pack is stored for months without being topped up, the combination of BMS self-consumption and natural self-discharge of the cells can cause total pack voltage to fall dangerously low.
Once over-discharged, the cells’ internal chemistry changes — copper dissolves, SEI layers break down — making the pack unstable and unsafe for reuse.

3. Real-World Example

For instance, consider a 14.8V (4S) 20Ah lithium-ion battery pack with a smart BMS that consumes around 1mA in standby mode.
1mA over 90 days equals:
1mA × 24h × 90 ≈ 2.16Ah

That’s roughly 10% of the pack’s capacity lost simply to BMS self-consumption — not counting cell self-discharge. If stored too long, the voltage can easily fall below 3.0V per cell, triggering over-discharge.

4. How to Prevent BMS-Related Over-Discharge

To ensure your battery pack remains healthy during storage or transport, Shenzhen Himax Electronics Co., Ltd. recommends the following practices:

Recharge before storage
Charge the pack to around 50–60% SOC before long-term storage.

Disconnect or switch off the BMS
Some Himax smart BMS models include a sleep or shipping mode that fully disconnects the cells from the control board.

Recharge every 3–6 months
Regular maintenance charging keeps cell voltage above the safe threshold.

Use low self-consumption BMS
Choose a BMS with low quiescent current (<50μA) for applications where long idle time is expected. Himax engineers can help customize such designs.

Monitor remotely (optional)
For smart systems, use remote voltage monitoring to detect early voltage drops before the pack reaches an unsafe level.

5.Summary

Cause	Effect	Solution
BMS standby current	Gradual voltage drop	Use low self-consumption BMS
Continuous balancing	Uneven discharge	Enable auto-sleep or cutoff
Smart features active	Faster drain	Disable communication during storage
Long-term storage	Deep over-discharge	Recharge every few months

Final Thoughts

A BMS is essential for safety, but it is not completely power-free. Without proper maintenance, even a small standby current can slowly drain the battery pack and cause over-discharge damage.

At Shenzhen Himax Electronics Co., Ltd., we design and manufacture lithium battery packs with intelligent, energy-efficient BMS solutions that minimize self-consumption and protect against deep discharge. Our engineering team can help you select the right configuration or customize a smart BMS that matches your application perfectly — from robotics and industrial systems to energy storage and portable equipment.

October 27, 2025

Bms, News

Why the RS485 Communication BMS Needs to Be Fully Charged to Get an Accurate SOC

In lithium battery systems equipped with RS485 communication BMS, users sometimes notice that the state of charge (SOC) reading is not accurate right after the battery is first assembled or partially charged. The most common question we hear at Shenzhen Himax Electronics Co., Ltd. is:

“Why do I need to fully charge the battery before the BMS can show the correct SOC?”

The answer lies in how the BMS measures and calibrates the SOC — and how the cells inside the battery behave during charging and balancing.

1. Understanding SOC (State of Charge)

The State of Charge (SOC) represents how much energy remains in a battery compared to its full capacity. It’s typically expressed as a percentage:

However, SOC is not directly measurable — it’s an estimated value calculated by the BMS based on voltage, current, and time (known as coulomb counting).

Because of this, the SOC accuracy depends on precise calibration between the battery’s actual capacity and the BMS’s internal calculation.

2. How the RS485 BMS Calculates SOC

A BMS with RS485 communication is designed to collect real-time data from the battery pack — such as:

Total voltage

Current flow (charge/discharge)

Cell voltages and temperatures

Remaining capacity (Ah)

It then communicates these values to the host system, inverter, or display screen.

But when the BMS is first installed or after deep discharge, its internal SOC counter may not match the real battery capacity. The only way for the BMS to “learn” the true full capacity is through a complete charge calibration cycle.

3. Why Full Charging Is Necessary for Accurate SOC

There are three key reasons why full charging allows the BMS to correct and stabilize the SOC reading:

(1) Cell Voltage Balancing

During charging, the BMS equalizes the voltage of each cell through its balancing circuit.
If the cells are not balanced, some may reach their maximum voltage earlier than others, causing the pack voltage to rise unevenly.
A full charge ensures that all cells reach their upper voltage limit (e.g., 4.20V per cell), which provides a clear reference point for the BMS to mark “100% SOC.”

(2) Calibration of Coulomb Counting

The BMS tracks how much current enters or leaves the battery to estimate capacity. Over time, this method accumulates small measurement errors.
A full charge helps the BMS reset or recalibrate the coulomb counter, aligning the calculated capacity with the actual stored energy.

(3) Accurate SOC Synchronization with RS485 Data

When using RS485 communication, the SOC data sent to other devices — such as an inverter, controller, or monitoring system — must match the real battery condition.
A full charge establishes a reliable reference point for 100% SOC, ensuring that the system displays consistent and accurate information across all devices.

4. What Happens If the Battery Is Not Fully Charged

If a lithium battery with an RS485 BMS is not fully charged:

The SOC may drift over time because the BMS cannot confirm its upper voltage reference.

The system may show incorrect SOC readings, such as 85% when the battery is already full or 0% when capacity remains.

In energy storage systems, the inverter may misinterpret SOC, leading to early cutoffs or incomplete charging cycles.

At Shenzhen Himax Electronics Co., Ltd., we’ve seen cases where customers believed their battery capacity was lower than expected — but after a full charge and balance cycle, the SOC corrected itself automatically.

5. How to Perform the Initial Calibration

To ensure accurate SOC readings for RS485 communication BMS packs, follow these steps:

Fully charge the battery until it reaches the rated voltage (e.g., 16.8V for a 4S pack, 29.4V for a 7S pack).

Keep charging for an additional 30–60 minutes to allow cell balancing to complete.

Once the pack is balanced and current drops near zero, the BMS sets that point as 100% SOC.

Afterward, perform a full discharge to the cut-off voltage to help the BMS calibrate the lower limit (0% SOC).

This process ensures the RS485 BMS communicates an accurate and reliable SOC to your monitoring equipment.

6. Final Thoughts

A full charge is not just about topping up energy — it’s about calibration and synchronization. For RS485 communication BMS systems, this step allows the controller to correctly recognize the real capacity of the battery and prevent misleading readings.

At Shenzhen Himax Electronics Co., Ltd., we design our smart lithium battery packs and RS485 BMS systems with advanced balancing and high-accuracy SOC algorithms to minimize drift and improve precision. Still, performing a full charge during the initial setup or after long storage remains an essential step to ensure the most accurate performance data.

Proper calibration guarantees that your system always knows the true energy status of the battery — delivering reliability, safety, and efficiency for every application.

October 23, 2025

Li-Ion Battery, News

Why Himax’s 14.8V 18Ah Lithium-Ion Battery Is the Smart Choice for Modern Solar Street Lighting

Shenzhen Himax Electronics Co., Ltd., a global leader in customized lithium and NiMH battery solutions, has officially introduced its latest innovation — the 14.8V 18Ah lithium-ion battery pack designed specifically for solar street lighting applications. This new product showcases Himax’s commitment to advancing renewable energy technologies through reliable, efficient, and sustainable energy storage solutions.

As cities and municipalities worldwide continue to invest in smart and energy-efficient infrastructure, solar street lighting has become a cornerstone of modern urban development. The new 14.8V 18Ah lithium-ion battery pack from Himax offers a combination of high energy density, long cycle life, and superior environmental performance, making it an ideal choice for solar-powered lighting systems that require continuous and stable operation under varying environmental conditions.

Meeting the Demands of Modern Solar Lighting Systems

The growing demand for autonomous and maintenance-free solar lighting systems has driven innovation in battery technology. Traditional lead-acid batteries, once dominant in this field, are being rapidly replaced by lithium-ion batteries, which offer higher energy efficiency, lighter weight, and longer lifespan. Himax’s 14.8V 18Ah battery pack is engineered to meet these exact needs.

With a nominal voltage of 14.8V and a capacity of 18Ah, the battery delivers a total energy storage of 266Wh, ensuring long-lasting power supply throughout the night — even during cloudy or rainy days when solar charging is reduced. The pack’s advanced lithium-ion chemistry ensures low self-discharge, excellent thermal stability, and superior charge/discharge efficiency, which translates into enhanced lighting reliability and lower maintenance costs.

Furthermore, Himax integrates a smart Battery Management System (BMS) into every pack to ensure optimal performance and safety. The BMS provides protection against overcharge, over-discharge, short circuit, and overcurrent, while also balancing the cells to maintain consistent voltage levels across the pack. This design guarantees stable operation, long service life, and reduced risk of failure — even in harsh outdoor environments.

Designed for Real-World Applications

Solar street lights are often installed in remote or difficult-to-access locations, such as highways, rural roads, parks, and industrial zones. For these installations, reliability and durability are crucial. Himax’s 14.8V 18Ah battery pack is built with high-strength aluminum or ABS housings and IP65-rated waterproof protection, allowing it to withstand humidity, dust, and temperature fluctuations from -20°C to +60°C.

To further enhance flexibility, the battery pack can be customized according to the customer’s requirements. Himax’s engineering team offers tailored designs for size, shape, and connector type, ensuring seamless integration with various solar street light systems. Whether used for LED street lighting, smart city projects, or off-grid lighting solutions, the Himax 14.8V 18Ah Li-ion battery pack delivers dependable energy performance.

The battery’s lightweight design also reduces installation and maintenance costs. Compared to traditional lead-acid batteries, it weighs nearly 60% less, enabling easier transportation and mounting. This feature is especially valuable for solar street light installers who need to handle large quantities of batteries in remote or elevated areas.

Sustainability and Energy Efficiency

One of the core advantages of Himax’s lithium-ion technology lies in its environmental friendliness. Unlike lead-acid batteries, lithium-ion batteries contain no toxic heavy metals and have a much lower environmental impact during both production and disposal. Himax’s manufacturing processes follow RoHS and REACH environmental standards, and each battery pack undergoes rigorous quality testing before shipment.

In addition to being environmentally conscious, the 14.8V 18Ah battery pack is also highly energy-efficient. Its round-trip efficiency (the ratio of energy output to input) exceeds 95%, meaning more of the solar energy collected during the day is effectively stored and used at night. This leads to lower energy losses and a more sustainable lighting system overall.

Furthermore, Himax’s engineering team continuously works on improving energy density and cycle life. The current 14.8V 18Ah model offers a cycle life exceeding 2000 cycles at 80% depth of discharge, which translates to over 5 years of reliable service in typical outdoor lighting conditions. This longevity significantly reduces replacement frequency and total ownership cost, making it an economically viable choice for large-scale solar lighting projects.

Smart City and IoT Integration

The future of solar street lighting goes beyond illumination — it’s becoming a critical part of smart city ecosystems. Himax recognizes this trend and has designed the 14.8V 18Ah battery pack to be IoT-ready. With optional communication interfaces such as RS485 or CAN bus, the battery can transmit real-time data on voltage, temperature, and state of charge to a central monitoring platform.

This intelligent monitoring capability allows city managers and operators to remotely supervise battery performance, identify maintenance needs, and prevent system failures before they occur. Such functionality enhances efficiency, reduces operational costs, and ensures continuous operation of urban lighting systems.

Global Market Applications and Customer Confidence

Since its founding, Shenzhen Himax Electronics Co., Ltd. has been serving clients across North America, Europe, and Australia, providing customized lithium and NiMH battery packs for a wide range of applications — from medical devices and industrial tools to energy storage and mobility products. With automated and semi-automated production lines capable of processing over 3 million cells per week, Himax ensures both quality consistency and rapid delivery.

The 14.8V 18Ah lithium-ion battery pack has already attracted interest from system integrators and solar light manufacturers in countries like Germany, Australia, Kenya, and the UAE, where off-grid solar lighting plays a critical role in infrastructure development. Customers value Himax’s engineering flexibility, strict quality control, and responsive technical support, which help accelerate project timelines and improve overall system reliability.

Commitment to Quality and Customer Partnership

Each Himax battery pack is tested under multiple environmental and electrical conditions before leaving the factory. The company maintains ISO9001-certified quality management systems and continuously invests in R&D and innovation to keep pace with evolving energy technologies.

Himax’s philosophy centers on long-term cooperation and mutual growth with its partners. The company’s sales and engineering teams work closely with customers to provide technical guidance, design optimization, and after-sales service throughout the entire project cycle. Whether customers need OEM/ODM customization, certification assistance, or logistical support, Himax delivers end-to-end energy solutions.

Looking Ahead: Powering a Brighter, Sustainable Future

With the introduction of the 14.8V 18Ah lithium-ion battery pack, Shenzhen Himax Electronics Co., Ltd. reaffirms its role as a driving force in the global shift toward clean and sustainable energy. As demand for efficient solar lighting systems continues to grow, Himax remains committed to innovation, quality, and reliability — providing the power that keeps the world illuminated.

Through its combination of technical expertise, manufacturing excellence, and customer-oriented service, Himax continues to help its global partners achieve greener, smarter, and more sustainable energy solutions — one battery at a time.

October 21, 2025

Lithium-ion Battery Wholesale, News

Understanding State of Charge (SOC) in Lithium-Ion Batteries: The Key to Efficient Energy Management

At HIMAX Electronics, we know that effective battery management is essential for ensuring the optimal performance and longevity of lithium-ion batteries. One critical aspect of this management is understanding the State of Charge (SOC), which plays a crucial role in maximizing efficiency and safety across various applications—from electric vehicles (EVs) to energy storage systems and robotics.

In this article, we’ll explain what SOC is, why it matters, and how it impacts the performance of lithium-ion batteries. Whether you’re an engineer, project manager, or consumer, understanding SOC can help you make informed decisions about battery usage, charging, and overall system management.

What is State of Charge (SOC)?

State of Charge (SOC) refers to the current charge level of a lithium-ion battery, expressed as a percentage of the battery’s total capacity. Essentially, SOC tells you how much energy is left in the battery compared to its full capacity:

100% SOC: Battery is fully charged, and it holds its maximum amount of energy.

0% SOC: Battery is fully discharged, and no usable energy remains.

Intermediate SOC values: For example, a 50% SOC indicates the battery is half-charged.

SOC is an essential metric because it helps users understand the remaining capacity of the battery, much like a fuel gauge in a car. This knowledge allows for efficient energy management and prevents overcharging or over-discharging, both of which can damage the battery and reduce its lifespan.

Why is SOC Important for Lithium-Ion Batteries?

SOC plays a crucial role in various aspects of battery performance:

Battery Protection and Safety

The lithium-ion battery chemistry is sensitive to both overcharging and over-discharging. If a battery is charged beyond its rated voltage or discharged too deeply, it could lead to capacity degradation, reduced lifespan, or even dangerous situations like thermal runaway. A precise SOC monitoring system, typically integrated in a Battery Management System (BMS), ensures that the battery operates within safe voltage and charge limits.

Performance Optimization

Lithium-ion batteries tend to perform best when they are not charged to their maximum or fully drained. By monitoring SOC, users can prevent deep discharge and avoid unnecessary charging cycles, which ultimately extends battery life. For example, keeping the SOC between 20% and 80% can help prolong the health of your battery.

Predicting Battery Runtime

In applications like electric vehicles (EVs), solar energy storage systems, or consumer electronics, knowing the SOC helps predict how much time or distance is remaining before recharging is necessary. In EVs, for instance, a fully charged battery means the car can drive its maximum range, while a lower SOC means less range remains before a recharge is needed.

Energy Efficiency

SOC monitoring allows for more efficient charging by ensuring that the battery is neither overcharged nor left too long without a charge. This leads to a better overall energy use and reduces unnecessary wear and tear on the cells, improving the long-term performance of the system.

How is SOC Measured?

Accurately measuring SOC is essential for battery management, and there are several methods used to do so:

Voltage-Based Estimation

SOC is often estimated using the voltage of the battery. Each lithium-ion battery has a predictable voltage range, and by measuring this voltage, the SOC can be approximated. However, this method can be less accurate because voltage is affected by factors such as temperature and the discharge rate.

Coulomb Counting

Coulomb counting is a more accurate method for measuring SOC. It involves tracking the charge and discharge current over time. By integrating the current flow, the BMS can calculate how much energy has been added or removed from the battery. This method is widely used in high-precision applications like electric vehicles.

Impedance Spectroscopy

A more advanced method, impedance spectroscopy, measures the internal resistance (impedance) of the battery to determine SOC. This approach considers various factors such as battery chemistry, temperature, and age, providing a more accurate estimate of SOC.

Hybrid Approaches

Modern Battery Management Systems (BMS) often combine voltage, current, and impedance measurements to give a more precise and reliable SOC reading. These hybrid approaches improve accuracy and account for factors like aging or temperature changes that can affect battery performance.

SOC and Battery Health

While SOC is essential for real-time monitoring, it’s also closely linked to battery health. Keeping the battery’s SOC within a safe range—typically between 20% and 80%—can significantly extend its useful life. Overcharging (charging beyond 100%) or over-discharging (below 0%) can degrade the battery’s capacity and shorten its lifespan.

HIMAX Electronics incorporates advanced SOC monitoring in our Battery Management Systems (BMS), ensuring that your batteries not only perform optimally but also last longer.

SOC in Different Applications

SOC is crucial across various industries where lithium-ion batteries are used:

Electric Vehicles (EVs)

SOC is the most important indicator of the remaining driving range. Accurate SOC readings ensure that drivers can plan trips and charge their vehicles with confidence.

Energy Storage Systems (ESS)

In solar or wind power storage systems, SOC tells you how much stored energy is available for use. It allows users to know when the system needs recharging and when energy is available for consumption.

Consumer Electronics

From smartphones to laptops, knowing the SOC helps users manage device power effectively, ensuring devices last longer and are ready for use when needed.

Robotics and Industrial Applications

SOC monitoring in robotics or power tools ensures consistent power delivery, preventing unexpected shutdowns due to battery depletion.

Conclusion: SOC and Efficient Battery Management

A well-maintained State of Charge (SOC) system is crucial for the optimal performance, safety, and longevity of lithium-ion batteries. By accurately tracking SOC, you can ensure your batteries deliver reliable, efficient power while preventing damage and extending their lifespan.

At HIMAX Electronics, we provide advanced Battery Management Systems (BMS) that integrate precise SOC monitoring for a wide range of applications, from electric vehicles to energy storage solutions and robotics. Our BMS solutions offer real-time SOC estimation, helping you optimize your battery performance and make smarter energy decisions.

Need help with your battery system? HIMAX Electronics is here to provide customized solutions tailored to your needs. Contact us today to learn how our BMS systems can help you get the most out of your li-ion batteries.

September 12, 2025

Lithium-ion Battery Wholesale, News

Why HiMAXBATT Lithium Batteries Are Revolutionizing Portable Marine Power Solutions

In recent years, the demand for reliable, efficient, and portable power sources in marine applications has grown significantly. From recreational boating and fishing to emergency rescue operations, the need for durable energy storage solutions that can withstand harsh marine environments is critical. HiMAXBATT Lithium Batteries, developed by Shenzhen Himax Electronics Co., Ltd., are at the forefront of this transformation, offering unparalleled performance, safety, and sustainability for portable marine power boxes.

The Challenges of Marine Power Systems

Marine environments pose unique challenges for power storage solutions. Traditional lead-acid batteries, while widely used, are often too heavy, bulky, and prone to performance degradation under extreme conditions. Saltwater exposure, temperature fluctuations, and constant vibration demand batteries that are not only energy-dense but also rugged and resistant to corrosion.

Lithium technology has emerged as a game-changer in this space, and HiMAXBATT Lithium Batteries are specifically engineered to meet these challenges head-on.

Why HiMAXBATT Stands Out

High Energy Density and Lightweight Design

HiMAXBATT Lithium Batteries offer exceptional energy density, allowing users to store more power in a compact and lightweight form factor. This is particularly advantageous for portable marine power boxes, where space and weight are often constrained. For example, a 100Ah HiMAXBATT battery weighs approximately 60% less than its lead-acid counterpart, making it easier to transport and install on small vessels or portable power packs.

Enhanced Safety Features

Safety is paramount in marine applications. HiMAXBATT batteries incorporate advanced safety mechanisms, including:

Multi-Layer Protection: Protection against overcharge, over-discharge, short circuits, and excessive current.

Thermal Stability: Built-in temperature management systems to prevent overheating, even in high-temperature environments.

Long Cycle Life and Durability

Unlike traditional batteries, which may suffer from sulfation or capacity loss due to partial charging, HiMAXBATT Lithium Batteries boast a cycle life of over 2,000 charges. This longevity translates to reduced replacement costs and minimal maintenance, making them ideal for marine enthusiasts and professionals who rely on consistent power availability.

Eco-Friendly Solution

As the world shifts towards sustainable energy practices, HiMAXBATT Lithium Batteries align with global environmental goals. They are free from heavy metals like lead and cadmium, and their high efficiency reduces energy waste. Moreover, their long lifespan means fewer batteries end up in landfills.

Applications in Portable Marine Power Boxes

Portable marine power boxes equipped with HiMAXBATT Lithium Batteries are versatile tools for a wide range of scenarios:

Recreational Boating: Powering navigation devices, fish finders, USB charging ports, and small appliances.

Fishing Trips: Providing energy for electric trolling motors, coolers, and lighting systems.

Emergency and Rescue Operations: Ensuring reliable power for communication devices, medical equipment, and emergency beacons.

Off-Grid Adventures: Serving as a silent and clean energy source for camping, island hopping, and other aquatic activities.

The Future of Marine Power

As technology continues to evolve, the integration of smart features such as Bluetooth monitoring, state-of-charge indicators, and compatibility with solar charging systems will further enhance the usability of HiMAXBATT-powered marine power boxes. Shenzhen Himax Electronics Co., Ltd. is committed to innovation, continuously improving its products to meet the evolving needs of the marine industry.

Conclusion

HiMAXBATT Lithium Batteries are redefining portable marine power solutions by combining cutting-edge technology with robust design. Their lightweight nature, safety features, longevity, and environmental benefits make them the ideal choice for anyone seeking reliable power in marine environments. As the marine industry continues to embrace lithium technology, HiMAXBATT is poised to lead the charge towards a more efficient and sustainable future.

August 26, 2025